§ 9. LIGHTING AND UTILITIES  


Latest version.
  • A.

    Pedestrian Lighting

    1.

    A lighting plan, drawn to scale, shall be provided for all city roads where pedestrian lights are required or proposed. At minimum, the plan shall include the following:

    a.

    Layout design - the developer shall submit a lighting layout to the Community Development Department for approval. This layout shall include:

    i.

    Location of proposed lights and light fixture type;

    ii.

    Conduit layout and service point;

    iii.

    Location of any existing adjacent street or pedestrian lighting;

    iv.

    Distance to the nearest major intersection(s);

    b.

    Spacing - the required spacing for pedestrian lighting is 90 feet unless otherwise specified. If two or more lights are to be installed, place at least one Type C Intersection Lighting Fixture at each intersection or driveway, unless adequate lighting exists from adjacent existing pedestrian lighting fixtures. If this causes excessive lighting, this requirement may be waived by the Director.

    2.

    Installation - install lights as per City of Sandy Springs Decorative Lighting Specifications

    a.

    Use Type C Intersection Lighting Fixtures at roadway intersection and non-residential driveways.

    b.

    Use Type A Mid Block Lighting Fixtures in all other locations.

    3.

    Payment for installation and operation.

    a.

    The developer shall be responsible for all costs associated with the installation of required pedestrian lighting including any fees or charges assessed by the power company. Proof of payment shall be provided prior to the approval of the final plat.

    b.

    The developer shall submit proof of payment for materials and installation to the City and coordinate with the power company to submit the lighting lease agreement to the City for operation and maintenance.

    B.

    Street Lighting

    1.

    Street lights shall be provided by the developer in all new subdivisions which propose the construction of a new street to be dedicated to the city or which propose lot access to existing city streets.

    2.

    A lighting plan, drawn to scale, shall be provided for all city roads where street lights are proposed. At a minimum the lighting plan shall include the following:

    a.

    Layout design. The developer shall submit a lighting layout to the Community Development Department for approval. This layout shall include:

    i.

    Location of proposed lights and light fixture type;

    ii.

    Location of any existing adjacent street or pedestrian lighting;

    iii.

    Distance to nearest Major Intersection(s);

    b.

    Spacing. The minimum spacing for street lighting is 250 feet.

    c.

    Fixtures. In order to provide uniform lighting, the following bulb and fixture types shall be used for providing street lights in the public rights-of-way.

    i.

    Minor Street: 150 watt flat glass cobra head of type High Pressure Sodium, Metal Halide, LED or as otherwise approved by the power company

    ii.

    Collector: 250 watt flat glass cobra head or mongoose of type High Pressure Sodium, Metal Halide, LED or as otherwise approved by the power company

    iii.

    Arterial: 400 watt flat glass cobra head or mongoose of type High Pressure Sodium, Metal Halide, LED or as otherwise approved by the power company

    d.

    Monthly utility costs. The developer shall pay the monthly operation costs of said streetlights until such time as one-half of the units are occupied and the maintenance bond, if required, has expired, unless waived by the public works director due to unusual circumstances.

    e.

    Design criteria. Street lighting design criteria for all residential streets shall conform to the design standards given in Section 20 of Illuminated Engineering Society Handbook, latest edition.

    f.

    Lighting for developments other than subdivisions. For all developments outside of the right-of-way where site lighting is required, those sites shall conform to the outdoor lighting regulations in the city zoning ordinance.

    3.

    Payment for installation and operation.

    a.

    The developer shall pay the power company for all costs associated with the installation of street lights. Proof of payment shall be provided prior to the approval of the final plat.

    b.

    The developer shall submit proof of payment for materials and installation to the City and coordinate with the power company to submit the lighting lease agreement to the City for operation and maintenance.

    4.

    Street lighting for residential streets.

    a.

    Recommended illumination. The recommended illumination for all residential streets shall be 0.5 horizontal foot candles or 0.5 lumens per square foot of the roadway pavement when the illuminating source is at its lowest output.

    b.

    Minimum illumination. The lowest foot candle value at any point on the road pavement shall not be less than one sixth of the average value, i.e. maximum to minimum ratio of 6:1.

    c.

    Luminary light distribution. The classification of luminary light distribution shall be IES distribution type MS III.

    d.

    Mounting height. The following mounting heights with reference to output of lamp and type of lighting pattern is recommended:

    i.

    Vertical light distribution M = medium

    ii.

    Vertical light control S = semi cut off or cut off

    iii.

    Lateral light distribution Type III

    Table 9.1. Street Light Mounting Height

    LAMP OUTPUT IES TYP. MOUNTING HEIGHT
    150 Watt HPS 14500 Lumens Type III Long 29 feet (1)
    150 Watt HPS 14500 Lumens Type III 16 feet

     

    Notes: 29-foot mounting height shall only be used in areas with existing overhead wiring.

    e.

    Luminary spacing. The spacing of the luminary shall be governed by factors such as location of utility poles, block lengths, property lines and geometric configurations of the terrain features.

    f.

    Mounting poles.

    i.

    The mounting poles shall be as per latest regulations and standards of national electric code, the national electric safety code, the American National Standards Institute and NEMA. The basic design criteria required is resistance to 100 mph winds including 1.3 gust factor.

    ii.

    All poles shall be black fiberglass or as recommended by the utility company.

    iii.

    The pole top shall have a top tenon of three inches o.d. so as to fit a slip fitter.

    iv.

    The poles shall have hand hole 4" x 12" openings with an aluminum cover fitted to two SS pentahead screws. The center of handhold opening shall be approximately 24 inches from ground level.

    g.

    Luminaries. Luminaries shall be fitted with built in ballast and photoelectric control and shall conform to meet all the requirements of latest regulations and standards of EEI and NEMA depending upon the lamp load and type and circuit voltage.

    h.

    Wiring and cabling. All wiring and cabling shall conform to the appropriate utility company's specifications.

    C.

    Mailboxes

    1.

    All mailboxes, whether installed on public or private streets, shall comply with the United States Postal Services standards for the construction of mailboxes.

    2.

    The property owner shall be responsible for the maintenance and repair of the curbside mailbox.

    3.

    Lateral placement of the mailbox shall be no more than six inches from the face of the curb or edge of pavement if no curb and gutter is present) as defined by USPS installation requirements. In no case shall the face of the mailbox extend out over the face of the curb or edge of pavement if no curb and gutter is present.

    4.

    All mailboxes must be breakaway design. Concrete block, solid, or brick construction is prohibited.

    5.

    The location and installation of cluster box units shall be approved by the Director prior to installing the units.

    6.

    Monument-type mailboxes shall not be installed within any sight triangles for intersections or driveways.

    D.

    Water System and Fire Hydrants

    1.

    The developer shall install or have installed a system of water mains connected to a public water supply system in accordance with these requirements and those of the authority having jurisdiction to provide water service within the city, herein referred to as the water authority.

    2.

    All water mains, fire hydrants and appurtenances shall be designed in accordance with the policies, standards, plans and specifications of the city and the water authority.

    3.

    Water mains and appurtenances shall be installed after installation of the curbs and gutters and before paving, or as approved by the city and the water authority.

    4.

    Fire hydrants shall conform to AWWA C502-85 for dry-barrel fire hydrants and the following requirements:

    a.

    Hydrants shall be traffic type with safety flange that allows the valve to remain closed when the hydrant is broken or damaged above or near grade level.

    b.

    The design of hydrant shall be of the compression type with main valves and "O" ring seal between the operating nut and the bonnet.

    c.

    Hydrant color shall be silver.

    d.

    Hydrant inlet shall be six-inch, mechanical joint with harnessing lugs.

    e.

    Hydrant main valve opening shall be 5¼ inch.

    f.

    Valve seats shall be bronze to bronze.

    g.

    Operating nut shall be solid Pentagon, 1½ inches measured flat at point (31/32 on side). Operating nut shall turn counter clockwise to open.

    h.

    Hydrant shall have two 2½-inch diameter and one 4½-inch diameter nozzle. Nozzles threads shall be the standard adopted by NBFU. Nozzles shall all have gasketed caps fitted with chain.

    i.

    The following fire hydrants are approved for installation in the city, other models may be acceptable when dedicated to and approved by the utility provider:

    Table 9.2 Acceptable Fire Hydrant Models

    MANUFACTURER MODEL
    American AVK 2700 and 2780
    Mueller Centurion and Improved
    Kennedy K81-A
    M&H 129 and 929
    Clow Medallion
    American-Darling B-62B
    U.S. M-94

     

    j.

    Materials shall conform to AWWA Standard C-502, latest revision.

    5.

    Water mains and fire hydrants on private property and subdivisions. In addition to the other requirements of this chapter water mains installed on private property and within subdivisions shall also comply with the following requirements:

    6.

    Water main size.

    a.

    Water mains of at least eight-inch pipe shall be installed; six-inch pipe may be used only where it completes a gridiron and then only up to 600 feet in length between interconnecting mains of approved diameter, unless otherwise approved by the Director and the fire marshal.

    b.

    No main line smaller than eight inches shall serve more than one fire hydrant and automatic extinguishing system or one fire hydrant on any dead-end main more than 300 feet in length. All water mains shall be sized in accordance with NFPA 24, as adopted by the State of Georgia.

    7.

    Fire hydrant spacing. Fire hydrants shall be spaced not more than 500 feet apart, with additional fire hydrants located as necessary to comply with the requirements of the International Fire Code and Appendices as adopted by the city and approved by the fire marshal.

    8.

    Clearance around fire hydrants. A minimum of three feet of clearance shall be provided around all fire hydrants.

    9.

    Water main material. Water mains shall be of ductile iron or copper or a type listed for this service by a nationally recognized testing laboratory and approved for use by the water authority.

    10.

    Minimum cover. Water mains shall be installed at least 12 inches below the frost depth. In areas where frost is not a factor the water main shall be installed to a minimum depth of 30 inches below grade. When the water main is installed under a driveway it shall be installed 36 inches below grade or 48 inches below railroads.

    11.

    Hydrostatic testing. Water mains shall be hydrostatically tested at not less than 200-psi or 50-psi greater than the system working pressure, whichever is greater, and shall maintain that pressure, ± 5-psi, for two hours in the presence of a representative of the city. Pressure loss shall be determined by a loss in gauge pressure or visual leakage.

    12.

    Fittings and valves. Hydrants, fittings, valves and fire department connections shall be approved by the fire department. Fire department connections shall be not less than 18 inches or more than 36 inches above the level of the adjoining ground or paving. The thread of such connections shall be uniform with that used by the fire department.

    13.

    Timing of installation. Water mains and fire hydrants shall be installed, under water pressure and ready for fire fighting before any construction with combustible material begins on-site.

    14.

    Dead-end mains. In no case shall dead-end mains exceed 600 feet in length for main sizes less than ten inches.

    15.

    Sub meters. When not in conflict with the requirements of the local water authority the city may require sub-metering of individual units where a project may contain multiple tenants.

    E.

    Sanitary Sewer Disposal

    1.

    Connection to an approved sanitary sewage disposal system shall be made, which may require the construction of an on-site system or the extension of public sanitary sewerage and associated appurtenances, as required by Fulton County.

    2.

    All sanitary sewer construction shall conform to the requirements of Fulton County.

    3.

    Septic tanks and tile drain-field sewerage disposal systems may be required to be located outside of the 100-year floodplain, stream buffers and impervious setbacks as required by the Fulton County Health Department and city ordinances.

    4.

    The health department may require a notation that certain lots must meet additional requirements prior to issuance of a building permit, or otherwise limit development relative to health department regulations.

    a.

    Such lots may include lots upon which adequate depth to water table must be demonstrated during the appropriate season of the year, adequate percolation tests must be performed, limitations upon the number of bedrooms in a dwelling, etc.

    b.

    No lot shall be included on a final plat which the health department is not confident will meet all health department regulations at a reasonable cost or within a reasonable period of time, except lots proposed to be served by sanitary sewer in subdivision where "dry" sewer has been installed. Such lots shall be noted: "Approval by Fulton County for connection to sanitary sewer required prior to issuance of a building permit."

    c.

    Where applicable, approval of the sanitary sewer system by Fulton County may be required prior to the issuance of a land disturbance permit.

    d.

    Whenever the installation of a sanitary sewer is required by the service provider, no new street shall be paved without the sanitary sewer being first installed.

    F.

    Separation of Water and Sewer Lines. There shall be no physical connection between a drinking water supply line and a sewer or appurtenance.

    1.

    Horizontal separation. Water lines shall be laid at least ten feet horizontally from a sewer or a sewer manhole whenever possible; the distance shall be measured outside edge-to-outside edge. When local conditions prevent a horizontal separation of ten feet, the water line may be laid closer to a sewer or sewer manhole provided that the bottom (invert) of the water main shall be at least 18 inches above the top (crown) of the sewer. Where this vertical separation cannot be obtained, the sewer shall be constructed of ductile iron pipe and pressure tested in place without leakage prior to backfilling.

    2.

    Vertical separation. The water line shall be laid in separate trenches or on an undisturbed earth shelf. Where possible the water main shall pass over the sewer main with a vertical separation of at least 18 inches. When local conditions prevent a vertical separation of 18 inches between the bottom of the water main and the top of the sewer the following construction standards shall be used:

    a.

    The sewer shall be constructed of ductile iron pipe and pressure tested in place without leakage prior to backfilling.

    b.

    Adequate structural support for both the water and sewer mains shall be provided to prevent settling and excessive deflection of the joints.

    c.

    That length of sewer main shall be centered at the point of the crossing such that the joints shall be equidistant from the point of crossing.

    d.

    No deflection of the joints is permitted within ten feet of the point of crossing.

    G.

    Easements

    1.

    Drainage easements.

    a.

    Temporary construction easements and permanent easements for drainage shall be dedicated to the city in accordance with this chapter when said easement is deemed to be in the best interest of the public health, safety or welfare. The city shall not be responsible for any easements that are not expressly dedicated to and accepted by the city. All easements shall be stabilized in accordance with the Manual for Erosion and Sediment Control in Georgia.

    b.

    Drainage easements are required for any part of the drainage system which is designed to carry stormwater runoff from more than one parcel, existing or proposed.

    c.

    Drainage easements for improved ditches, pipe construction, and detention facilities shall be cleared, opened, and stabilized at the time of development to control surface water runoff. Runoff slope and side slopes shall be specified by the developer's engineer, according to good engineering practice, this chapter and the applicable provisions provided in the stormwater management design manual.

    d.

    Drainage easements for storm drain pipes shall be provided according to the minimum requirements found in the table below. The minimum easement width shall be 20 feet when no other parallel utilities are located therein. For pipe sizes not shown on the table below the easement width shall be based on the pipe diameter (span) plus two feet, plus two times the pipe invert depth. This value shall be rounded up to the nearest five feet. For pipes exceeding 16 feet in depth, a pre-submittal conference shall be held with the city to determine what additional requirements may be required.

    Table 9.3 Easements for Storm Drain Pipes

    PIPE
    SIZE (IN)
    MINIMUM EASEMENT WIDTH (FT)
    INVERT
    DEPTH
    (FT)
    4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
    15 20 20 20 20 20 25 25 30 30 30 35 35 40
    18 20 20 20 20 20 25 25 30 30 30 35 35 40
    24 20 20 20 20 20 25 25 30 30 30 35 35 40
    30 20 20 20 20 25 25 25 30 30 35 35 35 40
    36 20 20 20 20 25 25 25 30 30 35 35 35 40
    42 NA 20 20 20 25 25 30 30 30 35 35 40 40
    48 NA 20 20 20 25 25 30 30 30 35 35 40 40
    54 NA NA 20 25 25 25 30 30 35 35 35 40 40
    60 NA NA 20 25 25 25 30 30 35 35 35 40 40
    66 NA NA NA 25 25 30 30 30 35 35 40 40 40
    72 NA NA NA 25 25 30 30 30 35 35 40 40 40

     

    2.

    Common easements. A common easement for sanitary sewer and drainage purposes may be allowed if the pipes are parallel and at least ten feet is provided between pipes (outside of pipe to outside of pipe). The easement width shall be equal to the width shown in the table in section 103-96(a) plus the distance separating the pipes (minimum of 10 feet).

    3.

    Drainage easements for surface drainage. Drainage easements shall be provided where a development is traversed by or contains a watercourse, impoundment, detention facility, improved channel, floodplain, natural stream or channel. It shall conform substantially to the flooding limits of the 100-year storm based on fully developed conditions per the land use plan, but shall be no less than 20 feet in width.

    4.

    Obstruction of drainage easements.

    a.

    Drainage easements off the street right-of-way shall be clearly defined on the final plat. The property owner will be required to keep the easement free of obstruction in such a way as to assure the maximum designed flow at all times. The property owner shall not alter any drainage improvements without the prior written approval from the city. Structures, except driveways, shall not be constructed or erected in an easement without the prior written approval from the city. Driveways shall cross an easement as close to perpendicular as practical. Property owners may plant landscaping in an easement that is piped with the approval of the city. Some landscape materials, such as large trees or shrubs, may not be appropriate for use within the easement; the city is not responsible for replacing the landscape material located in the easement when it is removed to maintain the drainage system.

    b.

    No retaining wall, building, pole, sign or other vertical structure shall be constructed in storm sewer easements, including vehicular easements around facilities without approval from the Director. No fence shall be placed across storm sewer easements without gates to which the city or representatives of the city have full access. No planting shall take place within the easement that will impede access along the easement or endanger the pipeline. No other pipeline or utility shall be placed in the easement without approval by the Director.

    5.

    Stabilization of drainage easements. All drainage, sewer, access or other easements which were required to be cleared shall be fine graded, seeded and mulched immediately upon the completion of construction work or if any significant delay is anticipated in the completion of the work. The use of sediment control measures may be required to protect the area until a comprehensive vegetative cover is obtained.

    6.

    Placement of fill in drainage easements. No fill shall be placed on a storm sewer easement without approval from the Director. All manholes must extend to the ground surface but shall not impede access where the drainage easement is intended to provide for vehicular access. All easements terminating on a parcel shall extend to the property line.

    7.

    Sanitary sewer easements. Permanent sanitary sewer easements shall be no less than 20 feet in width when no other parallel utilities are located therein or as required by the sanitary sewer authority. When warranted, temporary construction easement widths shall be determined by Fulton County.

    8.

    Potable water easements. Permanent water easements shall be as required by the water authority.

    H.

    Street Cuts

    1.

    Review of utility plans. All utility construction plans within city right-of-way shall be reviewed and approved by the department before construction begins. A traffic control plan may be required as part of the submittal. Street cuts shall not be allowed unless deemed absolutely necessary due to the presence of rock, the need to tap into an existing line beneath the road surface, or other circumstance which makes boring impossible or infeasible. Where open trenching has been permitted the trench width shall be the minimum width necessary to allow for the installation of the conduit and provide adequate compaction of the backfill material.

    2.

    Marking of existing utilities. All existing utilities shall be properly marked in accordance with Georgia Utility Facility Protection Act prior to any excavation work.

    3.

    Maintaining access to private properties. Access to private driveways shall be provided at all times except during working hours when construction operations prohibit provision of such access.

    4.

    Obstruction of fire hydrants. Unobstructed access must be provided at all times to fire hydrants.

    5.

    Lane closure. Contact the public works department at least 24 hours in advance of closure of traffic lanes. The applicant will be responsible for ensuring notice has been received by public works and should utilize verified e-mail notification. All lane closures shall be properly marked and signed with certified flagmen when appropriate. In trenching across the road, no more than one-half of the traveled way is to be closed to traffic at one time.

    6.

    Maximum length of open trench. The trench construction shall not be opened for a distance of more than 300 feet at any one time, unless specifically authorized by the public works director.

    7.

    Damage repair. Whenever a part of a block, square or section of curb, sidewalk or driveway is broken or damaged by the person making any excavation or opening in or under any street, alley or public place, the entire block, square or section, shall be removed to the score, groove or saw cut line and replaced or reconstructed. Where the line of cut would be less than two feet from an existing expansion or weakened plan joint, the concrete shall be removed to said joint.

    8.

    Trench construction and backfill.

    a.

    Definitions and considerations. In trenched construction, bedding is the subgrade soil and its surface, as prepared to support the pipe. Backfill is the material refilling the rest of the level of top of pipe, and of overfill above that level. The latter may include restoration of surface soils or roadway materials. From the highway viewpoint, the essential features for trench and backfill construction are:

    i.

    Entrenched roadbed,

    ii.

    Security of the pipe against deformation likely to cause leakage, and

    iii.

    Assurance against drainage being blocked by the backfill. Bedding is important for all pipes.

    b.

    Controls for trenched construction. Trenched construction, bedding, and backfill normally will be adequately controlled by the applicant conforming to the GDOT standard specifications for earth work and culverts as well as standards and details. Specific controls follow:

    i.

    Trenches are to be cut to have vertical faces with a maximum width of two feet or outside diameter of pipe plus 18 inches. They shall be shored where necessary to prevent caving and sloughing.

    ii.

    Bedding shall be provided to a depth of 12 inches or half of the diameter of the pipe, whichever is the least. Bedding shall consist of granular soil free of lumps, clods, cobbles and frozen materials, and shall be graded to a firm-but-yielding surface without abrupt changes in bearing value. Unstable soils and rock ledges shall be sub-excavated from the bedding zone and replaced by imported material. For carriers laid without encasement, the bedding shall be shaped to fit the bottom of the pipe for 60 percent of its width. See the GDOT Standard Specifications for additional information on backfill material.

    iii.

    Backfilling of trenches must be accomplished immediately after the pipeline or other utility is placed therein or as directed by the director. Backfill shall be placed in two stages: first, sidefill to the level of the top of pipe; second, overfill to former surface grade. Sidefill shall consist of granular material laid in six-inch layers, each consolidated by mechanical tamping and controlled addition of moisture, to a density of 95 percent as determined by AASHTO Method T-99 or GHD.

    c.

    Overfill shall be layered and consolidated to match the compaction. The top 12 inches shall be compacted to 100 percent of specified density. Consolidation by saturation or ponding will not be permitted. Use 57 stone material or another GDOT type II material that is approved by the Director in wet trenches, these materials shall be compacted like above stated backfill to a satisfactory uniform density as directed by the director.

    9.

    Pavement cuts. No open cuts in pavement will be permitted except by special permission of the director when there is an emergency and the public health or safety is imperiled, or for making a service tap on a line under the pavement when no other distribution line is available in the area where the service is required. In no event will an open cut be permitted when it is reasonably practical to bore, tunnel, etc., under the surface of the highway. Whenever the director is requested to authorize an open cut, such request must be made in writing supported by detailed reasons some other method is not practical and giving details relative to the maintenance history and service life of the facility. The department requires:

    a.

    That backfill and repaving be performed under its direction at the expense of the applicant, and

    b.

    That the applicant remain liable for cost of repair if the backfill subsides or the patched pavement fails. When approval of the director is granted, the following provisions shall be strictly adhered to:

    i.

    The trench edges in paved areas shall be sawed or cut to neat lines by methods satisfactory to the director before starting to break the pavement slab.

    ii.

    Materials and methods of shall be adopted to achieve prompt restoration of traffic service.

    iii.

    In trenching across the highway, only one-half of the paved surface is to be opened at one time. The open half shall be completely backfilled before opening the other half.

    iv.

    Closure of intersecting streets, road approaches, or other access points for trenching operations will not be permitted. Upon trenching across such facilities, the applicant shall utilize steel running plates, planks or other satisfactory methods for traffic entering or leaving the highway or adjacent properties. Immediately after the facility authorized by the permit has been placed, the intersecting streets, road approaches or other access facilities, shall be restored to at least as good condition as it was prior to the permit operations and in a manner satisfactory to the director. Spot resurfacing, (milling, grinding and/or additional asphalt) may be required.

    v.

    Once the pavement is cut, it is most difficult to reconstruct to obtain the structural strength and surface quality the road and pavement had prior to cutting. For trenches over four feet wide, the subbase, base and paving shall be replaced in kind using construction procedures in accordance with the current GDOT Standard Specifications. For trenches up to four feet wide, the subbase, base and paving shall be replaced in kind using construction procedures in accordance with GDOT standard number 1401; except Class A GDOT concrete will be used in place of Class B or soil cement base and 9.5 mm or 12.5 mm superpave asphalt will be used or as determined by the director. Utility cuts in Portland cement concrete pavement are discouraged by the department. Pavement cuts, when allowed will require complete or partial slab replacement. The director will determine the extent of slab replacement on a case-by-case basis if an open cut is allowed. Procedures for slab removal and replacement will use construction procedures in accordance with the current GDOT Standard Specifications and standard number 1401, also including but not limited to surface tolerance requirements set forth in the current GDOT Standard Specifications.

    vi.

    Any pavement cuts that are not perpendicular to the roadway's horizontal alignment for asphalt highways shall require the entire width of the roadway to be resurfaced with a minimum of two inches of asphalt that is the same material as the existing surface or as determined by the director in addition to the requirements stated hereinbefore. Any pavement cuts that are not perpendicular to the roadway's horizontal alignment for Portland cement concrete pavement shall be in accordance with the current GDOT Standard Specifications and standard number 1401. Any manhole or valve shall have a square concrete pad placed around the facility if the facility is located in the traveled way as determined by the director and to the satisfaction of the director.

    c.

    Sidewalk and curb cuts and replacement. All sidewalk and curb cuts require that the section of sidewalk and/or curb be replaced from existing joint to existing joint or as determined by the director. All sidewalk and curb construction shall meet the construction requirements as shown in section 441 of the current GDOT Standard Specifications or as determined by the director.

    d.

    Replacement of cuts in unpaved streets.

    i.

    The trench shall be backfilled in accordance with the manner prescribed in this article for backfilling of trenches. The surface treatment shall match that of the existing road. For gravel roads the trench shall be backfilled up to and within four inches of the street level. The remaining four inches shall be filled up with No. 2 crushed stone, well compacted into place.

    ii.

    The base stone shall be kept at street level by the contractor until final acceptance of the project of the city engineer without additional cost to the city.

    e.

    Contact the public works department for public utility extension information from the existing utility locations to the proposed development.

    I.

    References

    1.

    American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2003). A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. Washington, DC.

    2.

    American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2006). Roadside Design Guide. Washington, DC.

    3.

    Federal Highway Administration (2001). Highway Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (FHWA Publication No. FHWA-RD-01-103). Washington, DC.

    4.

    Federal Highway Administration (2003). Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways. Washington, DC.

    5.

    Georgia Department of Transportation (2001). Standard Specifications Construction of Transportation Systems. Atlanta, GA.

    6.

    Institute of Transportation Engineers (2002). Transportation and Land Development (ISBN No: 0-935403-68-X). Washington, DC.